Apparatus for demodulating address in pre-groove symbols and apparatus for decoding pre-pit symbols

ABSTRACT

The invention provides an apparatus for demodulating an Address In Pre-groove (ADIP) symbol. The ADIP symbol is carried by a wobble signal of an optical disk and comprises a series of ADIP bits permuted according to one of a plurality of permutation patterns to make up the ADIP symbol. A wobble extraction module extracts the wobble signal from the optical disk. A reference wobble generator generates a reference wobble with the same frequency and phase as a fundamental frequency and phase of a positive wobble cycle of the wobble signal. A waveform difference measurement module then measures a difference between the wobble signal and the reference wobble to obtain a series of difference measurement values respectively corresponding to the ADIP bits. A pattern matching module then compares probabilities of the permutation of the ADIP bits agreeing with each of the permutation patterns according to the difference measurement values to determine the ADIP symbol.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No.60/803,877, filed Jun. 5, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No.60/811,016, filed Jun. 5, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No.60/810,970, filed Jun. 5, 2006, U.S. Provisional Application No.60/811,023, filed Jun. 5, 2006, and U.S. Provisional Application No.60/811,020, filed Jun. 5, 2006.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to optical disk drives, and more particularly toprocessing of wobble signals thereof.

2. Description of the Related Art

The data of Digital Versatile Disks (DVD) and Compact Disks (CD) areencoded and recorded on a single spiral track covering the surface ofthe disks. If the optical medium is recordable, this spiral trackcontains a slight sinusoidal deviation from a perfect spiral, whereinthe sinusoidal deviation is used to encode modulated address informationand referred to as a “wobble signal”. The frequency of the sine curve ofthe wobble signal is the wobble carrier frequency, and each format ofoptical disk has the same or different carrier frequency. For example,DVD-R or DVD RAM have wobble carrier frequency of 140.6 kHz, and DVD+Rhas a wobble frequency of 817.4 kHz.

To extract data recorded on the optical disk, the optical disk drivefirst detect the wobble signal on the optical disk with a wobbledetection circuit. The design of the wobble detection circuit can thusgreatly affect performance of an optical disk drive. An optical diskdrive reads the wobble signal by detecting the reflection strength of alaser beam moved along the spiral track. FIGS. 1 a˜1 d are the signalsdetected by a pick-up head of the optical disk drive. FIG. 1 a is awobble signal without data information recorded thereon, and thewaveform of the wobble signal is like a sinusoidal wave. After datainformation is recorded on disk, the wobble signal is no longer asinusoidal wave. An ordinary pick-up head scans a track with fourphotodetectors A, B, C, and D simultaneously. FIGS. 1 b and 1 crespectively show the exemplary synthesized signals S_(AD) and S_(BC)with recorded data waveform, wherein the signal of FIG. 1 b is detectedby photodetectors A and D and designated as signal S_(AD), and thesignal of FIG. 1 c is detected by photodetectors B and C and designatedas signal S_(BC). Because the wobble carrier components of the signalsS_(AD) and S_(BC) are phase-inverted, the recorded data information isobtained by adding signals S_(AD) and S_(BC). The wobble carriercomponent is obtained by subtracting amplified signal of S_(BC) fromamplified signal of S_(AD), as shown in FIG. 1 d. The subtraction signalis a wobble signal with uncanceled high frequency noise.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional wobble detection circuit 200detecting an absolute time in pre-groove (ATIP) information. ATIP is amethod for modulating address information of wobble signals of opticaldisks such as CD-R or CD-RW. Because only a portion of a wobble signalW₀ within a frequency range carries significant information, a band passfilter 202 first filters the wobble signal W₀ to obtain a filteredwobble signal W₁. An analog to digital converter 204 then converts theanalog filtered wobble signal W₁ to a digital wobble signal D. An ATIPdetector 206 then extracts ATIP information from the digital wobblesignal D, and a phase locked loop 208 locks the phase of the digitalwobble signal D to obtain a clock signal [not shown] with the samefrequency as the digital wobble signal D.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional wobble detection circuit 300detecting an address in pre-groove (ADIP) information. ADIP is generatedby modulating address information of wobble signals of optical diskssuch as DVD+R or DVD+RW. Because only a portion of a wobble signal W₀within a frequency range carries significant information, a band passfilter 302 and a low pass filter 312 respectively filter the wobblesignal W₀ to obtain filtered wobble signals W₂ and W₁. Analog to digitalconverters 304 and 314 then convert the analog filtered wobble signal W₂and W₁ to digital wobble signals D₂ and D₁. An ADIP detector 306 thenextracts ADIP information from the digital wobble signal D₁, and a phaselocked loop 308 locks the phase of the wobble signal D₂ to obtain aclock signal [not shown] with the same frequency as the digital wobblesignal D₂.

The band pass filter 202 of FIG. 2 and the band pass filter 302 of FIG.3 are analog band pass filters. Analog band pass filters have complexcircuit structure and require significant chip area to accommodate thecircuits thereof. The chip area occupied by a conventional analog bandpass filter usually exceeds half of the total chip area of a wobbledetection circuit. Additionally, analog band pass filters require highcurrent for filtering the analog wobble signals, consuming considerableenergy. Thus, a wobble detection circuit with a digital band pass filteris desirable.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a conventional circuit 400 for detectingthe wobble carrier frequency. The wobble signal shown in FIG. 1 d isfirst delivered to an automatic gain control module 402, which amplifiesthe wobble signal to an appropriate strength level. A band pass filter404 processes the amplified wobble signal by filtering out undesirableout-band noise. The wobble signal is converted to a binary data streamby a binary converter 408 after the direct current (DC) offset of theprocessed wobble signal is canceled by a high-pass filter 406. Thus, theedge counting module 410 can first detect the edge then simply count thenumber of edge in a predetermined period to obtain the wobble carrierfrequency.

The wobble carrier frequency obtained by the edge counting module 410,however, may be erroneous due to noise in the wobble signal shown inFIG. 1 d. Although the band pass filter 404 filters out the noise of thewobble signal, not all of the noise is filtered out. The noise left inthe wobble signal may interfere with conversion by the binary converter408 thus generating an erroneous binary data stream. Thus, the wobblecarrier frequency obtained by counting the edges of the erroneous binarydata stream is also an erroneous wobble carrier frequency, which isdifficult to detect accurate wobble frequency. In addition, the bandpass filter 404 is an analog band pass filter, which is complicated andoccupying a large chip area.

Significant information, such as address information, is pre-grooved onoptical disks in the form of wobble signals. To extract addressinformation from wobble signals, the wobble signals should beappropriately amplified to a predetermined signal level. Automatic gaincontrollers (AGC) are therefore used in wobble detection circuits tocontrol gain for amplification of the input signals.

Conventional AGC of wobble detection circuits are analog circuits. Theanalog AGC, however, require capacitors to provide sufficient circuitcapacitance to lower the bandwidth of the automatic gain controllers.Because on-chip capacitors with requisite high capacitance occupyconsiderable chip area, such capacitors are often located externally.Coupling between the analog automatic gain controllers and the externalcapacitors, however, requires extra IO pins, increasing the cost of PCB.

Some AGC of wobble detection circuits are implemented with digitalcircuits to avoid capacitance problems. FIG. 5 is a block diagram of adigital automatic gain controller 500. The digital automatic gaincontroller 500 includes an analog variable gain amplifier 510, an analogto digital converter (ADC) 504, an envelope detection module 502, adigital control module 506, and a digital to analog converter 508. Theanalog variable gain amplifier 510 amplifies an input signal digitalS_(I) according to a gain signal M′ to obtain an amplified signalS_(I)′, which is converted to a digital signal So by ADC 504. Theenvelope detection module 502 then detects the envelope E of the digitalsignal So. The digital control module 506 then determines a gain signalM according to the envelope E, and the digital to analog converterconverts the digital gain signal M to the analog gain signal M′ tocontrol amplification of the analog variable gain amplifier 510. Thus,the signal gain M of the digital automatic gain amplifier 500 isdigitally determined by the digital control module 506 and does notrequire the high capacitance of analog automatic gain controllers.

Because the input signal S_(I) contains high frequency noise which isinduced by recorded data or write pulse, the frequency of the amplifiedsignal S_(I)′ is as high as the frequency of the input signal S_(I). Tomeet the requirement of Nyquist sampling theorem, the analog to digitalconverter 504 convert the amplified signal S_(I)′ to the digital signalS_(O) with a sampling frequency higher than twice times of the highestfrequency of recorded data frequency band. Additionally, signalresolution of the envelope E should be high enough that the digitalcontrol module 506 can finely adjust the gain signal M according to theenvelope E. Thus, the analog to digital converter 504 generate thedigital signal S_(O) with high signal resolution. The high sampling rateand high signal resolution of the signals S_(O), E, and M complicatessignal processing and circuit structure of the analog to digitalconverter 504, the envelope detection module 502, the digital controlmodule 506, and the digital to analog converter 508, greatly increasingthe hardware cost of the digital automatic gain controller 500. Thus, adigital automatic gain controller with simpler signal processing isdesirable.

There are different ways for addressing optical disks when data iswritten thereto. If an optical disk is DVD+R or DVD+RW, Address InPre-groove (ADIP) information records the address of every track zone ofthe optical disks, allowing the optical disk drive to locate track zonesduring data recording. If an optical disk is DVD-R or DVD-RW, pre-pitinformation recorded on the land area of the optical disks is used foraddressing track zones of the optical disks during data recording. Thus,a method for demodulating the ADIP information or decoding the pre-pitinformation is required for optical disk drives to record data onto theoptical disks.

The ADIP information is modulated and recorded on the optical disk inthe form of a wobble signal. According to DVD+R and DVD+RWspecification, each data block of an optical disk includes 93 wobblecycles including eight wobble cycles for storing the ADIP information.Each of the eight wobble cycles can be a negative wobble with aninverted phase or a positive wobble with a normal phase, and differentpermutations of the eight wobble cycles represent different ADIPsymbols. There are only three types of ADIP symbols, synch, data 0, anddata 1, respectively represented by one permutation pattern of thenegative and positive wobble cycles, wherein synch is an abbreviationfor synchronous information.

FIG. 6A shows a wobble signal 610 carrying an ADIP synch symbol. Thewobble signal 610 includes eight wobble cycles, comprising four negativewobble (NW) cycles followed by four positive wobble (PW) cycles. If anegative wobble cycle is converted to an ADIP bit 1 and a positivewobble cycle is converted to an ADIP bit 0, the wobble signal 610 isconverted to a series of ADIP bits with the permutation of “11110000”.FIGS. 6B and 6C show wobble signals 620 and 630, respectively carryingan ADIP data 0 symbol and an ADIP data 1 symbol. The wobble signal 620includes eight wobble cycles, one negative wobble cycle followed by fivepositive wobble cycles further followed by two negative wobble cycles,and can be converted to a series of ADIP bits with the permutation of“10000011”. Similarly, the wobble signal 630 includes eight wobblecycles, one negative wobble cycle followed by three positive wobblecycles followed by two negative wobble cycles further followed by twopositive wobble cycles, and can be converted to a series of ADIP bitswith the permutation of “10001100”.

FIG. 7 shows a conventional process of demodulating a wobble signalcarrying ADIP information into ADIP symbols. The wobble signal to bedemodulated is shown in the second row of FIG. 7. A reference wobblewith the same frequency and phase as a fundamental frequency and phaseof the positive wobble cycle of the wobble signal is shown in the firstrow of FIG. 7, and the phase difference between the wobble signal andthe reference wobble is measured as the phase difference shown in thethird row of FIG. 7. Because the reference wobble is generated accordingto the positive wobble cycle of the wobble signal, the phase differencesignal indicates the place where the negative wobble cycle appears, anda series of ADIP bits shown in the fourth row of FIG. 7 can thus begenerated according to the phase difference signal with a slicer. Theseries of ADIP bits is then respectively compared with the threepermutation patterns corresponding to the ADIP synch symbol, ADIP data 0symbol, and ADIP data 1 symbol. Because the series of ADIP bits are“10000011” which agrees with the permutation pattern of ADIP data 0symbol, a signal indicating the appearance of the ADIP data 0 symbol isenabled, as shown in FIG. 7.

Although the conventional method shown in FIG. 7 is simple, the wobblesignal may sometimes carry noise, affecting the generation of phasedifference signal. If an erroneous phase difference signal is obtained,the slicer derives erroneous ADIP bits from the erroneous phasedifference signal. Because no permutation pattern can agree with theerroneous phase difference signal, no ADIP symbols are generated as thefinal demodulating output, causing demodulation error. Thus, a methodwith higher noise tolerance is required to demodulate ADIP symbols.

Optical disks with the format of DVD-R or DVD-RW are addressed accordingto pre-pit information. According to the DVD-R/RW specification, eacherror correction code (ECC) block includes 16 sectors, each of whichfurther includes 26 frames. The 26 frames are divided into even framesand odd frames, and each frame includes eight wobble cycles. Every twoframes have three pre-pit bits for storing addressing information. FIG.8 shows the pre-pit bits associated with a wobble signal 800 of twosuccessive frames 802 and 812, wherein the frame 802 is an even frameand the frame 812 is an odd frame. The three pre-pit bits associatedwith the two frames 802 and 812 may appear on the first three wobblecycles 804, 806, and 808 of the even frame 802 or the first three wobblecycles 814, 816, and 818 of the odd frame 812.

The three pre-pit bits associated every two frames may represent evensynch, odd synch, data 0, and data 1 symbols. FIG. 9 shows theinformation contents of four types of pre-pit symbols recorded withthree pre-pit bits. If the pre-pit symbol represents synchronousinformation appearing on an even frame, the three pre-pit bits are“111”. If the pre-pit symbol represents synchronous informationappearing on an odd frame, the three pre-pit bits are “110”. If thepre-pit symbol represents data 1, the three pre-pit bits are “101”. Ifthe pre-pit symbol represents data 0, the three pre-pit bits are “100”.When a pre-pit bit is “1”, the wobble cycle associated with the pre-bitbit has a spike pulse on the peak of the wobble cycle. Otherwise, whenan pre-pit bit is “0”, the wobble cycle associated with the pre-bit bithas no spike pulse on the peak of the wobble cycle. Thus, the pre-pitbits can be determined by detecting the spike pulse on the correspondingwobble cycles of two successive frames, and pre-bit symbols can then bedetermined according to pre-pit bits.

The conventional method for determining pre-pit bits, however, can causesignificant errors if noise occurs in the wobble signal carrying pre-pitbits. This can generate erroneous pre-pit bits, and further determineerroneous pre-pit symbols. Thus, a method with higher noise tolerance isrequired for decoding pre-pit symbols.

In addition, conventional blank area detection of an optical disk driveis realized by detecting the transient spacing of a binaries RF signal.The RF signal is first generated by the optical pickup head. Beforebinarizing the RF signal to the binaries RF signal, a high pass filteris utilized to remove low frequency components in the RF signal togenerate a filtered RF signal. Then the filtered RF signal is binarizedto form the binaries RF signal via a slicer with a reference thresholdvalue. Since the amplitude levels of the RF signal from various disksare diverse, it is hard to determine each threshold value to slice RFsignal for different disk types. Thus, a method and an apparatus todetect the blank area disregarding the amplitude levels of the RF signalare desired for optical disk drives.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention provides an apparatus for demodulating an Address InPre-groove (ADIP) symbol. The ADIP symbol is carried by a wobble signalof an optical disk and comprises a series of ADIP bits permutedaccording to one of a plurality of permutation patterns to make up theADIP symbol. In one embodiment, the apparatus comprises a wobbleextraction module, a reference wobble generator, a waveform differencemeasurement module, and a pattern matching module. The wobble extractionmodule extracts the wobble signal from the optical disk. The referencewobble generator generates a reference wobble with the same frequencyand phase as a fundamental frequency and phase of a positive wobblecycle of the wobble signal. The waveform difference measurement modulethen measures a difference between the wobble signal and the referencewobble to obtain a series of difference measurement values respectivelycorresponding to the ADIP bits. The pattern matching module thencompares probabilities of the permutation of the ADIP bits agreeing witheach of the permutation patterns according to the difference measurementvalues to determine the ADIP symbol.

The invention also provides an apparatus for decoding a pre-pit symbol.The pre-pit symbol is carried by a wobble signal of an optical disk andcomprises a series of pre-pit bits permuted according to one of aplurality of permutation patterns to make up the pre-pit symbol. In oneembodiment, the apparatus comprises a pre-pit bit collection module, ahamming distance generator array, and a pattern decision module. Thepre-pit bit collection module collects the pre-pit bits appearing atboth an odd frame and an even frame of the wobble signal to obtain apre-bit bit set, wherein the pre-pit bits of the pre-pit symbol onlyappear at either the odd or even frame. The hamming distance generatorarray then measures a plurality of hamming distances between the pre-pitbits of the pre-bit set and each of the permutation patterns. Thepattern decision module then finds the permutation pattern having aminimum of the hamming distances to determine the pre-pit symbol.

A method for demodulating an Address In Pre-groove (ADIP) symbol is alsoprovided, wherein the ADIP symbol is carried by a wobble signal of anoptical disk and comprises a series of ADIP bits permuted according toone of a plurality of permutation patterns to make up the ADIP symbol.First, the wobble signal is extracted from the optical disk. A referencewobble with the same frequency and phase as a fundamental frequency andphase of a positive wobble cycle of the wobble signal is then generated.A difference between the wobble signal and the reference wobble is thenmeasured to obtain a series of difference measurement valuesrespectively corresponding to the ADIP bits. Finally, probabilities ofthe permutation of the ADIP bits agreeing with each of the permutationpatterns are compared according to the difference measurement values todetermine the ADIP symbol.

A detailed description is given in the following embodiments withreference to the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention can be more fully understood by reading the subsequentdetailed description and examples with references made to theaccompanying drawings, wherein:

FIG. 1 a is a wobble carrier without address information recordedthereon;

FIG. 1 b shows signal S_(AD) and FIG. 1 c show shows signal S_(BC);

FIG. 1 d shows the wobble signal obtained by subtracting the amplifiedwobble signal of FIG. 1 c from the wobble amplified signal of FIG. 1 b;

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a conventional wobble detection circuitdetecting ATIP information;

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a conventional wobble detection circuitdetecting ADIP information;

FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a conventional circuit for detecting thewobble carrier frequency;

FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a digital automatic gain controller;

FIG. 6A shows a wobble signal carrying an ADIP synch symbol;

FIG. 6B shows a wobble signal carrying an ADIP data 0 symbol;

FIG. 6C shows a wobble signal carrying an ADIP data 1 symbol;

FIG. 7 shows a conventional process of demodulating a wobble signalcarrying ADIP information into ADIP symbols;

FIG. 8 shows pre-pit bits associated with a wobble signal of twosuccessive frames;

FIG. 9 shows four types of permutation patterns of three pre-pit bitsmaking up a pre-pit symbol;

FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a wobble detection circuit according tothe invention;

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a portion of a wobble detection circuitwith a sampling rate changed with wobble frequencies according to theinvention;

FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a portion of a wobble detection circuitwith a 1-bit analog to digital converter according to the invention;

FIG. 13 is a block diagram of an apparatus for detecting the wobblecarrier frequency and identifying the optical disk format according tothe invention;

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an apparatus for detecting the wobblecarrier frequency of an optical disk according to the invention;

FIG. 15 a shows a wobble signal before the filtration of an adjustableband pass filter;

FIG. 15 b shows the signal after the filtration of the adjustable bandpass filter;

FIG. 15 c shows the envelope of the signal of FIG. 15 b;

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an apparatus for identifying the opticaldisk format according to the invention;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method for detecting the wobble carrierfrequency of an optical disk according to the invention;

FIG. 18 is a block diagram of a wobble detection circuit according tothe invention;

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a digital automatic gain controlleraccording to the invention;

FIG. 20 is a detailed block diagram of a digital automatic gaincontroller with low sampling rate according to the invention;

FIG. 21 a shows an amplified signal;

FIG. 21 b shows a digital envelope signal derived from the amplifiedsignal of FIG. 21 a by an envelope detection module and a ADC of FIG.20;

FIG. 21 c shows a difference signal corresponding to the digitalenvelope signal of FIG. 21 b;

FIG. 21 d shows a digital gain signal derived from the difference signalof FIG. 21 c by a digital control module of FIG. 20;

FIG. 22 is another detailed block diagram of a digital automatic gaincontroller with low sampling rate according to the invention;

FIG. 23 a shows an amplified signal;

FIG. 23 b shows an envelope magnitude derived from the amplified signalof FIG. 23 a by an envelope detection module of FIG. 22;

FIG. 23 c shows a digital envelope signal corresponding to the envelopemagnitude of FIG. 23 b;

FIG. 23 d shows a difference signal corresponding to the digitalenvelope signal of FIG. 23 c;

FIG. 23 e shows a digital gain signal derived from the difference signalof FIG. 23 d by a digital control module of FIG. 22;

FIG. 24 is a detailed block diagram of a digital automatic gaincontroller with low signal resolution and high sampling rate accordingto the invention;

FIG. 25 a shows an amplified signal;

FIG. 25 b shows an envelope magnitude derived from the amplified signalof FIG. 25 a by a rectifier module of FIG. 24;

FIG. 25 c shows a 1-bit difference data stream corresponding to theenvelope magnitude of FIG. 25 b;

FIG. 25 d shows a digital gain signal derived from the difference signalof FIG. 25 c by a digital control module of FIG. 24.

FIG. 26 is a block diagram of an apparatus for demodulating ADIP symbolsaccording to the invention;

FIG. 27 shows signal processing of demodulating a wobble signal carryingADIP information into ADIP symbols according to the invention;

FIG. 28 is a block diagram of a waveform difference measurement moduleaccording to the invention;

FIG. 29 is a block diagram of a pattern matching module according to theinvention;

FIG. 30 is a flowchart of a method for demodulating ADIP symbolsaccording to the invention;

FIG. 31 is a block diagram of an apparatus for demodulate ADIP symbolsof HD-DVD disks according to the invention;

FIG. 32 is a block diagram of the apparatus for demodulating pre-pitsymbols according to the invention;

FIG. 33 a shows signal S_(AD) and FIG. 33 b show shows signal S_(BC);

FIG. 33 c shows a wobble peak signal drives by a peak detection unit ofFIG. 34;

FIG. 33 d shows a blank detection signal;

FIG. 34 is an exemplary block diagram of an apparatus for detecting theblank sector on an optical disk using the wobble signals; and

FIG. 35 is a flow chart of the blank detection method.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following description is of the best-contemplated mode of carryingout the invention. This description is made for the purpose ofillustrating the general principles of the invention and should not betaken in a limiting sense. The scope of the invention is best determinedby reference to the appended claims.

FIG. 10 is an exemplary block diagram of a wobble detection circuit 1000according to the invention. A pickup head detects four reflectionsignals S_(A), S_(B), S_(C), and S_(D) reflected from an optical disk,wherein signals S_(A), S_(D) and signals S_(B), S_(C) are respectivelyrepresenting light intensity reflected from the opposite sides of atrack. The reflection signals S_(A) and S_(D) are then added to obtain asignal S_(AD0), and the reflection signals S_(B) and Sc are then addedto obtain a signal S_(BC0). Because the signals S_(AD0) and S_(BC0)comprise high frequency noise induced by radio frequency signals and lowfrequency noise induced by servo signals, low pass filters 1002 and 1012and high pass filters 1004 and 1014 respectively eliminate the highfrequency noise and the low frequency noise from the signals S_(AD0) andS_(BC0), and signals S_(AD2) and S_(BC2) are obtained.

Two automatic gain controllers (AGC) 1006 and 1016 then amplify thesignals S_(AD2) and S_(BC2) to the same signal level to obtain signalsS_(AD3) and S_(BC3). An adder 1020 then subtracts the signal S_(BC3)from the signal S_(AD3) to obtain a wobble signal W₀. The more balancedthe signals S_(BC3) and S_(AD3), the less radio frequency noise remainsin the wobble signal W₀. To minimize aliasing of the wobble signal W₀,an anti alias filter (AAF) 1022 then filters off aliasing components ofthe wobble signal W₀ to obtain a wobble signal W₁. After the wobblesignal W₁ passes a high pass filter 1024 to obtain a wobble signal W₂,an analog to digital converter 1026 converts the analog wobble signal W₂to a digital wobble signal D₁.

The ATIP information carried by the digital wobble signal D1 ismodulated within a frequency range. To extract the ATIP information, adigital band pass filter 1030 accepts frequency components of thedigital wobble signal D₁ within a pass band and rejects frequencycomponents of the digital wobble signal D1 outside the pass band toobtain a digital wobble signal D₂. An ATIP detector 1032 then extractsATIP information from the digital wobble signal D2. A wobble phaselocked loop 1034 also locks the phase of the digital wobble signal D₂ togenerate a clock signal [not shown] with the same frequency as thedigital wobble signal D₂. Additionally, an address in pre-groove (ADIP)detector 1028 derives ADIP information from the wobble signal D₁.

Because the analog to digital converter 1026 converts the analog wobblesignal W₂ to the digital wobble signal D₁, the band pass filter 1030 candigitally filter the digital wobble signal D₁ to generate the digitalfiltered wobble signal D₂. Digital signal filtration has an advantage ofsignal processing simplicity over analog signal filtration. Samples of adigital signal are taken as a series of variables of a filter function,and a digital filter calculates the outputs of the filter function withthe input variables of digital signal samples to obtain samples of afiltered signal. Analog filtration, however, requires analog circuitswith complicated circuit design and numerous circuit components such asresistors and capacitors to complete analog filtration. Additionally, ananalog filter requires high current to drive the circuit componentsthereof, consuming considerable energy. Thus, the wobble detectioncircuit 1000 with the digital band pass filter 1030 has simpler circuitdesign, lower hardware cost, and reduced energy consumption comparedwith conventional wobble detection circuits.

FIG. 11 is an exemplary block diagram of a portion of a wobble detectioncircuit 1100 with a sampling rate changed with wobble frequenciesaccording to the invention. An optical disk drive reads optical disk ofmultiple categories. Because center frequencies of wobble signals ofdifferent optical disk types are also different, if an analog to digitalconverter 1106 converts a wobble signal W₂ to a digital wobble signal D₁with a constant sampling rate, the center frequency of band pass filteror other filter will not changed according to wobble signal carrierfrequency.

Accordingly, the analog to digital converter 1106 samples the analogwobble signal W₂ according to trigger of a clock signal [not shown] withthe wobble frequency of the analog wobble signal W₂. Thus, the samplingrate of the analog to digital converter 1106 changes with the wobblefrequency. In one embodiment, the clock signal triggering the analog todigital converter 1106 is generated by the phase locked loop 1114. Inanother embodiment, because the wobble frequency of an optical disk spunwith constant angular velocity can be estimated according to addressinformation of the analog wobble signal W₂, the clock signal isgenerated according to the address information, and the samplingfrequency of the analog to digital converter 1106 is changed with theaddress information.

FIG. 12 is an exemplary block diagram of a portion of a wobble detectioncircuit 1200 with a 1-bit analog to digital converter 1206 according tothe invention. To ensure that the filtered wobble signal D₂ is of goodfiltration quality, the analog to digital converter 1206 samples theanalog wobble signal W₂ with high sampling frequency. To simplify thefiltration process of the digital band pass filter 1210, signalresolution of the digital wobble signal D1 input thereto is lowered. Inone embodiment, the analog to digital converter 1206 is a 1-bit analogto digital converter, a decision maker or a comparator, converting theanalog wobble signal W₂ to a digital wobble signal D₁ of 1-bit datastream. When the analog to digital converter 1206 is a 1-bit analog todigital converter, the sampling frequency is about exceeding eight timesthe wobble carrier frequency.

The invention provides a wobble detection circuit with a digital bandpass filter. Unlike analog band pass filters, the digital band passfilter does not require complicated circuit design occupying large chiparea and high current to drive circuit components thereof, thus,reducing chip size of the wobble detection circuit and decreasing energyconsumption thereof.

Please refers to FIG. 13, FIG. 13 is an exemplary block diagram of anapparatus 1300 for detecting the wobble carrier frequency andidentifying the optical disk format according to the invention.Apparatus 1300 includes a push-pull processor 1302, generating thewobble signal shown in FIG. 1 d, and a frequency detection and diskformat identification module 1304, detecting the wobble carrierfrequency and the disk format of the optical disk. The frequencydetection and disk format identification module 1304 adopts a newarchitecture and method different from the conventional circuit 400 todetect the wobble carrier frequency and identify the optical disk type.In the novel architecture and method provided by the invention, remnantnoise existing in the wobble signal generated by push-pull processor1302 does not affect the detection of the wobble carrier frequency infrequency detection and disk format identification module 1304.

First, as mentioned above the reflected signals S_(A), S_(B), S_(C),S_(D) are simultaneously obtained by scanning a track of the opticaldisk. And synthesized signal S_(AD) and S_(BC) as shown in FIGS. 1 b and1 c are obtained accordingly. The push-pull processor 1302 thenprocesses the signals S_(AD) and S_(BC) to generate the wobble signal S₁as shown in FIG. 13. The push-pull processor 1302 includes two low passfilters 1312 and 1322, two high pass filters 1314 and 1324, twoautomatic gain controllers 1316 and 1326, and a adder 1330. The low passfilters 1312 and 1322 first respectively exclude the high-frequencynoise of the signals S_(AD) and S_(BC). The high pass filters 1314 and1324 then respectively exclude the low-frequency noise of the signalsS_(AD) and S_(BC). After filtration, the filtered signals S_(AD) andS_(BC) are further amplified to an appropriate strength level by theautomatic gain controllers 1316 and 1326 for further processing, so thatthe amplified signals meet the same strength level. The more equivalentthe strength level of the amplified signals S_(AD) and S_(BC), the lessthe remnant noise existing in the output signal of the push-pullprocessor 1302. The adder 1330 then subtracts the amplified signalS_(BC) from the amplified signal S_(AD) to obtain the signal S₁.

The frequency detection and disk format identification module 1304 thendetects the wobble carrier frequency of the optical disk according tosignal S₁. Because each format of optical disk has a distinctive wobblecarrier frequency, the optical disk format is identified if the wobblecarrier frequency is determined. The frequency detection and disk formatidentification module 1304 includes an anti-alias filter 1332, an offsetcanceller 1334, a binary conversion module 1336, an adjustable band passfilter 1342, a frequency detection module 1344, and a disk formatidentification module 1346. The frequency detection and disk formatidentification module 1304 is further described in the following withFIGS. 14˜16.

FIG. 14 is a block diagram of an apparatus 1400 for detecting the wobblecarrier frequency of an optical disk according to the invention. Theapparatus 1400 is a sub-module of the frequency detection and diskformat identification module 1304 and includes the anti-alias filter1332, the offset canceller 1334, the binary conversion module 1336, theadjustable band pass filter 1342, and the frequency detection module1344. The anti-alias filter 1332 restricts the bandwidth of the signalS₁ to obtain a signal S₂ approximately satisfying the Shannon-Nyquistsampling theorem. In one embodiment, the anti-alias filter 1332 is a lowpass filter. Before the filtered signal S₂ being converted fromanalog-to-digital via binary conversion module 1336, the direct currentoffset of the signal S₂ is cancelled in advance by the offset canceller1334 to obtain a signal S₃. In one embodiment, the offset canceller 1334is a high pass filter. The binary conversion module 1336 then convertsthe analog wobble signal S₃ to a binary data stream S₄. In oneembodiment, the binary conversion module 1336 is a comparator.

The adjustable band pass filter 1342 then filters the binary data streamS4 according to an adjustable frequency range, the center frequency ofwhich is sequentially adjusted according to a frequency selectionsignal. FIG. 15 a shows the wobble signal S₃ before the filtration ofthe adjustable band pass filter 1342. The frequency selection signal maydirect the adjustable band pass filter 1342 to sequentially filter thebinary data stream S₄ with multiple predetermined frequency ranges, theunion of which overlaps a potential range of the wobble carrierfrequency. For example, seven predetermined frequency ranges are appliedto filter the data stream S₄, and the center frequency of thepredetermined frequency ranges are fs1˜fs7. Only the adjustablefrequency range of the binary data stream is passed by the adjustableband pass filter 1342 to generate a filtered signal S₅. An example ofthe signal S₅ after filtration is shown in FIG. 15 b. Because the sevenpredetermined frequency ranges are sequentially applied to theadjustable band pass filter 1342, the waveform of the signal S₅ hasseven different sections, each of which corresponds to one of thepredetermined frequency ranges.

The frequency detection module 1344 then determines the wobble carrierfrequency of the optical disk according to the signal S₅. The frequencydetection module 1344 includes an envelope detection module 1402 and amax amplitude selection module 1404. The envelope detection module 1402detects the envelope of the signal S₅ to obtain an envelope signal S₆,which is shown in FIG. 15 c. The envelope signal S₆ of FIG. 15 c hasseven amplitudes h1˜h7 corresponding to the seven predeterminedfrequency ranges. Because the envelope signal S₆ is the envelope of thefiltered signal S₅, the amplitude of the envelope signal S₆ reflects theamount of the signal S₃ surviving the filtration of the adjustable bandpass filter 1342. The larger the amplitude, the more intense the signalS₅ after filtration, the more the signal S₃ passing the adjustablefrequency range, and the closer the center frequencies of the majorfrequency band of signal S₃ and the adjustable frequency range. Thus,the wobble carrier frequency is the center frequency of the adjustablefrequency range according to which the filtered signal S₆ section withthe maximum amplitude is generated. Referring to FIG. 15 b, the centerfrequency of the filtered signal S₆ section with the maximum amplitudeis fs4, and fs4 is therefore the wobble carrier frequency of the opticaldisk. The wobble carrier frequency fs4 is determined by the maxamplitude selection module 1404, which monitors the envelope signal S₆to determine the maximum amplitude h4, and determines the centerfrequency fs4 of the adjustable frequency range corresponding to themaximum amplitude h4. Thus, fs4 is detected as the wobble carrierfrequency.

FIG. 16 is a block diagram of an apparatus 1600 for identifying the diskformat of an optical disk according to the invention. The apparatus 1600is a sub-module of the frequency detection and disk formatidentification module 1304 of FIG. 3. The principle according to whichthe apparatus 1600 functions is similar to that of the apparatus 1400.Because each format of optical disk has a distinctive wobble carrierfrequency, the optical disk format is identified if the wobble carrierfrequency is determined. Thus, the apparatuses 1600 and 1400 share mostmodules thereof. The apparatus 1600 includes the anti-alias filter 1332,the offset canceller 1334, the binary conversion module 1336, theadjustable band pass filter 1342, and a disk format identificationmodule 1346. The disk format identification module 1346 includes anenvelope detection module 1602 and a max amplitude selection module1604. Except the selection signal of the adjustable band pass filter1342, the modules of the apparatus 1600 are similar to those of theapparatus 1400.

Because there is only a finite number of optical disk formats, such asDVD+R, DVD-R, DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, and DVD+RW, the potential wobble carrierfrequencies corresponding to the potential disk types are sequentiallyassigned as the center frequency of the adjustable frequency range ofthe adjustable band pass filter 1342 of FIG. 16. The adjustable bandpass filter 1342 then filters the data stream S₄ generated by the binaryconversion module 1336 according to the adjustable frequency range togenerate a filtered signal S₅. The disk format identification module1346 then determines the maximum amplitude of the filtered signal S₅,and determines the potential disk format corresponding to the potentialwobble carrier frequency according to which the filtered signal with themaximum amplitude is generated. This is achieved by first detecting theenvelope of the filtered signal with the envelope detection module 1602to obtain an envelope signal S₆, and then monitoring the envelope signalS₆ with the max amplitude selection module 1604 to obtain the maximumamplitude. The max amplitude selection module 1604 then outputs thepotential disk format corresponding to the maximum amplitude as the diskformat of the optical disk. Thus, the optical disk format is identified.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart of a method 1700 for detecting the wobble carrierfrequency of an optical disk according to the invention. A push-pullprocessor generates a first wobble signal of the optical disk in step1702. The direct current offset of the first wobble signal is thencanceled in step 1704 to obtain a second wobble signal S₃. The secondwobble signal S₃ is then converted to a binary data stream S₄ in step1706. The binary data stream S₄ is then filtered according to anadjustable frequency range in step 1708 to generate a filtered signalS₅, wherein the center frequency of the adjustable frequency range issequentially adjusted according to a frequency selection signal. Amaximum amplitude of the filtered signal S₅ is then determined in step1710, and the center frequency of the adjustable frequency rangeaccording to which the filtered signal S₅ with the maximum amplitude isgenerated is determined in step 1712. If no disk format is required toidentify in step 1714, the center frequency corresponding to the maximumamplitude is then output as the wobble carrier frequency in step 1718.Otherwise, a disk format corresponding to the maximum amplitude of thefiltered signal S₅ is determined and the disk format is output in step1716. Thus, both the wobble carrier frequency and the disk format of theoptical disk are obtained.

The invention provides an apparatus for detecting the wobble carrierfrequency and identifying the disk format of an optical disk. The noiseexisting in the wobble signal does not deteriorate the precision of thewobble carrier frequency. Thus, the performance of the wobble carrierfrequency detection circuit provided by the invention is superior to theconventional circuit. In addition, because the adjusted band pass filteris a digital filter with simpler design and smaller chip area than theanalog band pass filter in the conventional method, the manufacturingcost of the wobble carrier frequency detection circuit provided theinvention is less than the conventional circuit.

FIG. 18 is an exemplary block diagram of a wobble detection circuit 1800according to the invention. Because the signals S_(AD0) and S_(BC0)comprise high frequency noise induced by radio frequency signals and lowfrequency noise induced by servo signals, the low pass filters 1802 and1812 and the high pass filters 1804 and 1814 respectively eliminate thehigh frequency noise and the low frequency noise from the signalsS_(AD0) and S_(BC0), and signals S_(AD2) and S_(BC2) are obtained.

Two automatic gain controllers 1806 and 1816 then amplify the signalsS_(AD2) and S_(BC2) to the same signal level to obtain signals S_(AD3)and S_(BC3). The automatic gain controllers 1806 and 1816 areimplemented with digital automatic gain controllers provided by theinvention to simplify circuit complexity. An adder module 1820 thensubtracts the signal S_(BC3) from the signal S_(AD3) to obtain a wobblesignal W₀. The more balanced the signals S_(BC3) and S_(AD3) is, theless radio frequency noise remains in the wobble signal W₀. After thewobble signal W₀ passes a low pass filter 1822 to obtain a wobble signalW₁, an address in pre-groove (ADIP) detector 1824 derives ADIPinformation from the wobble signal W₁. Additionally, after the wobblesignal W₀ passes a band pass filter 1832 to obtain a wobble signal W₂, awobble phase locked loop 1834 locks the phase of the wobble signal W₂ togenerate a clock signal [ ] not shown.

FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a digital automatic gain controller 1900according to the invention. The digital automatic gain controller 1900includes an envelope detection module 1902, an analog to digitalconverter 1904, a digital control module 1906, a digital to analogconverter 1908, and a variable gain amplifier 1910. The variable gainamplifier 1910 amplifies an input signal S_(I) according to an analoggain signal M′ to obtain an amplified signal S_(O). The input signalS_(I) can be the signal S_(AD2) or the signal S_(BC2) of FIG. 18, andthe amplified signal S_(O) can correspondingly be the signal S_(AD3) orthe signal S_(BC3) of FIG. 18. The envelope detection module 1902 thendetects an envelope magnitude E of the amplified signal S_(O). Theanalog to digital converter 1904 then converts the envelope magnitudesignal E from analog to digital to obtain a digital envelope signal E′.Because the high frequency noise of envelope signal E does not as largeas the amplified signal S_(O), and the analog to digital converter 1904need not sample the envelope magnitude signal E with as high samplingfrequency as the analog to digital converter 504 of FIG. 5.

The digital control module 1906 then determines a digital gain signal Mfor amplification of the input signal S_(I) according to the digitalenvelope signal E′. After the digital to analog converter 1908 convertsthe digital gain signal M to analog gain signal M′, the variable gainamplifier 1910 can amplify the input signal S_(I) according to theanalog gain signal M′ to obtain the amplified signal S_(O). The lowsampling rate of the analog to digital converter 1904 decreases thesampling rate of the digital envelope signal E′ and the digital gainsignal M, further simplifying the circuit complexity and signalprocessing of the analog to digital converter 1904, the digital controlmodule 1906, and the digital to analog converter 1908. Thus, compared tothe digital automatic gain controller 500 of FIG. 5, the digitalautomatic gain amplifier 1900 requires less hardware cost.

FIG. 20 is a block diagram of a digital automatic gain controller 2000with low sampling rate according to the invention. The envelopedetection module 2002 includes a peak detection module 2012, a bottomdetection module 2014, and an adder 2016. The peak detection module 2012detects a peak magnitude P of the amplified signal S_(O). The bottomdetection module 2014 detects a bottom magnitude B of the amplifiedsignal S_(O). The adder 2016 then subtracts the bottom magnitude B fromthe peak magnitude P to obtain an envelope magnitude E. An analog todigital converter 2004 then converts the envelope magnitude E to adigital envelope signal E′. FIG. 21 a shows an amplified signal S_(O),and FIG. 21 b shows a digital envelope signal E′ derived from theamplified signal S_(O) of FIG. 21 a by the envelope detection module2002 and the ADC 2004.

The digital envelope signal E′ is then delivered to a digital controlmodule 2006. The digital control module 2006 includes an adder 2022, again controller 2024, and an integrator 2026. The adder 2022 subtractsthe digital envelope signal E′ from a reference level R to obtain adifference signal D. The gain controller 2024 then reduces the magnitudeof the difference signal D to a lower level to obtain a differencesignal D′. The integrator 2026 then integrates the difference signal D′to obtain the digital gain signal M. FIG. 21 c shows a difference signalD corresponding to the digital envelope signal E′ of FIG. 21 b when thereference level is 1. FIG. 21 d shows a digital gain signal M derivedfrom the difference signal D of FIG. 21 c by the digital control module2006. Finally, a digital to analog converter 2008 converts the digitalgain signal M to an analog gain signal M′ for the amplification of aninput signal S_(I). Thus, a variable gain amplifier 1910 can thenamplify the input signal S_(I) according to the analog gain signal M′ toobtain the amplified signal S_(O).

FIG. 22 is another block diagram of a digital automatic gain controller2200 with low sampling rate according to the invention. The digitalautomatic gain controller 2200 differs from digital automatic gaincontroller 2000 of FIG. 20 only in the envelope detection module 2202.The envelope detection module 2202 includes a rectifier 2212 and a lowpass filter 2214. The rectifier 2212 first generates an absolute valuesignal I of an amplified signal S_(O). The low pass filter 2214 theneliminates high frequency noise from the absolute value signal I toobtain the envelope magnitude E. FIG. 23 a shows an amplified signalS_(O), and FIG. 23 b shows an envelope magnitude E derived from theamplified signal S_(O) of FIG. 23 a by the envelope detection module2202. An analog to digital converter 2204 then converts the envelopemagnitude to a digital envelope signal shown in FIG. 23 c. A digitalcontrol module 2206 then derives a digital gain signal M from thedigital envelope signal E′. FIG. 23 d shows a difference signal Dcorresponding to the digital envelope signal E′ of FIG. 23 c, and FIG.23 e shows a digital gain signal M derived from the difference signal Dof FIG. 23 d by the digital control module 2206. Finally, a digital toanalog converter 2208 converts the digital gain signal M to an analoggain signal M′ for the amplification of an input signal S_(I). Thus, avariable gain amplifier 1910 can then amplify the input signal S_(I)according to the analog gain signal M′ to obtain the amplified signalS_(O).

Because input signals of the analog to digital converters 2004 and 2204are the envelope signals E, the sampling rate of the analog to digitalconverters 2004 and 2204 is lower than the analog to digital converter504 of FIG. 5. To obtain precise gain signal, the signal resolution ofthe analog to digital converters 2004 and 2204 remains high. This can beobserved with the digital envelope signals shown in the FIG. 21 b andFIG. 23 c with a high signal resolution. The signal resolution, however,can be reduced in the increase of sampling rate. FIG. 24 is a detailedblock diagram of a digital automatic gain controller 2400 with lowsignal resolution and high sampling rate according to the invention.

The digital automatic gain controller 2400 includes an envelopedetection module 2402, an adder 2403, a 1-bit analog to digitalconverter 2404, a digital control module 2406, a digital to analogconverter 2408. The envelope detection module 2402 includes a rectifier2412 which calculates an absolute value of an amplified signal S_(O) andoutputs the absolute value as an envelope magnitude E. FIG. 25 a showsan amplified signal S_(O), and FIG. 25 b shows an envelope magnitude Ederived from the amplified signal S_(O) of FIG. 25 a by the rectifiermodule 2412. The adder 2403 then subtracts the envelope magnitude E froma reference level R to obtain a difference signal D. Because theenvelope signal E is not processed by a low pass filter as in FIG. 22,the envelope signal E and the difference signal D oscillate with thefrequency of the amplified signal S_(O). Thus, the 1-bit ADC 2404convert the analog difference signal D to a 1-bit data stream D′ with asampling frequency more than double the frequency of the amplifiedsignal S_(O).

FIG. 25 c shows a 1-bit difference data stream D′ corresponding to theenvelope magnitude E of FIG. 25 b. Although the sampling rate of the ADC2404 is high, because the 1-bit data stream D′ has only two values, thesignal resolution of the 1-bit data stream D′ converted by ADC 2404 islower than the signal resolution of the digital envelope signals E′ ofADC 2404 and 2204, as shown in FIGS. 23 c and 21 b. The differencesignal D′ in the form of 1-bit data stream is then delivered to thedigital control module 2406, which includes a gain controller 2424, andan integrator 2426. The gain controller 2424 first reduces the magnitudeof the difference signal D′ to a lower level to obtain a differencesignal D″. The integrator 2426 then integrates the difference signal D″to obtain the digital gain signal M. FIG. 25 d shows a digital gainsignal M derived from the difference signal D′ of FIG. 25 c by thedigital control module 2406. Finally, a digital to analog converter 2408converts the digital gain signal M to an analog gain signal M′ foramplification of an input signal S_(I). Thus, a variable gain amplifier1910 can then amplify the input signal S_(I) according to the analoggain signal M′ to obtain the amplified signal S_(O).

The invention provides a digital automatic gain controller amplifying asignal. Conventional digital automatic gain controllers process signalsat high sample rates and high signal resolution to provide good qualityof amplified signals. The digital automatic gain controller provided bythe invention, however, can process signals at low sample rates or lowsignal resolution while obtaining amplified signals of the same quality.The lower sample rates and the lower signal resolution simplify signalprocessing process and circuit design, improving performance of thedigital automatic gain controller and reducing hardware costs.

FIG. 26 is a block diagram of an apparatus 2600 for demodulating ADIPsymbols according to the invention. The apparatus 2600 includes a wobbleextraction module 2602, a reference wobble generator 2604, a waveformdifference measurement module 2606, and a pattern matching module 2608.The wobble extraction module 2602 first derives a wobble signal from asource signal reflected from the track surface of an optical disk. Inone embodiment, the wobble extraction module 2602 is a push-pullprocessor which subtracts a reflection intensity reflected by one sideof a track from another reflection intensity reflected by the other sideof the track to obtain the wobble signal. After the wobble signal isgenerated, the reference wobble generator 2604 generates a referencewobble, with the same frequency and phase as a fundamental frequency andphase of the positive wobble cycle of the wobble signal. Referring toFIG. 27, the first row and second row of FIG. 27 respectively show thewaveforms of the reference wobble and the wobble signal. In oneembodiment, the reference wobble generator 2604 is a phase lock looprepeating the positive wobble cycle of the wobble signal to generate thereference wobble.

The waveform difference measurement module 2606 then measures adifference between the wobble signal and the reference wobble to obtaina series of difference measurement values. In one embodiment, thedifference is a phase difference. Since each difference measurementvalue is determined according to a corresponding wobble cycle of thewobble signal, each of the difference measurement values thereforerespectively corresponds to one ADIP bit. Referring to FIG. 27, thethird and fourth rows of FIG. 27 respectively show the phase differenceand the obtained difference measurement values. Because the referencewobble has the same phase as that of an positive wobble cycle of thewobble signal, there is almost no difference between a wobble cycle ofthe wobble signal and the reference wobble if the wobble cycle is apositive wobble cycle, and the obtained difference measurement value issmall. Otherwise, if the wobble cycle is a negative wobble cycle, theobtained difference measurement value is large.

FIG. 28 is a block diagram of a waveform difference measurement module2800 according to the invention. The waveform difference measurementmodule 2800 includes a phase comparator 2802 and a counter 2804. Thephase comparator 2802 first compares the phases of the wobble signal andthe reference wobble to obtain a phase difference signal. In oneembodiment, the phase comparator 2802 is an XOR gate which performs anXOR operation on the wobble signal and the reference wobble to obtainthe phase difference signal. Because the XOR gate only generates a highlevel voltage when both the wobble signal and the reference wobble areat the high level or low level, the generated phase difference signalcan appropriately reflect the difference between the wobble signal andthe reference wobble. The counter 2804 then counts a high level width ofthe phase difference signal during each wobble cycle of the referencewobble to generate the difference measurement values corresponding tothe ADIP bits. The counter counts the high level width according to aclock signal having a frequency higher than that of the referencewobble. For example, the difference measurement values shown in thefourth row of FIG. 27 can be obtained according to a clock signal withthe frequency which is 16 times the wobble cycle frequency of thereference wobble. Thus, the obtained difference measurement values liebetween 0 and 16 and reflect the difference levels during each wobblecycle.

After the difference measurement values are generated, the patternmatching module 2608 then compares probabilities of the permutation ofthe ADIP bits agreeing with each of the permutation patterns accordingto the difference measurement values to determine the ADIP symbolscarried by the wobble signal. FIG. 29 is a block diagram of a patternmatching module 2900 according to the invention. The pattern matchingmodule 2900 includes a collector 2902, a correlator array 2904, and amaximum likelihood comparison module 2906. Because each ADIP symbol iscomposed of eight ADIP bits and the permutation pattern of the eightADIP bits determines which a ADIP symbol is, the collector 2902 collectseight successive difference measurement values to be compared with theprobable permutation patterns of the ADIP bits. The correlator array2904 includes multiple correlators, each of which correlates thedifference measurement values with signs derived from a probablepermutation pattern of the ADIP bits to obtain correlation values andthen sums the correlation values corresponding to the permutationpattern to obtain the probabilities that the ADIP bits are permutatedaccording to the corresponding permutation pattern.

For example, the eight difference measurement values shown in the fourthrow of FIG. 27 are 14, 2, 1, 3, 2, 0, 15, and 11. Because thepermutation pattern corresponding to ADIP data 0 symbol is “10000011”,the derived correlation values are therefore 14, −2, −1, −3, −2, 0, 15,and 11, and the summation thereof is therefore 32, which indicates theprobability that the corresponding ADIP bits represents the ADIP data 0symbol. The permutation pattern corresponding to ADIP data 1 symbol is“10001100”, the derived correlation values are therefore 14, −2, −1, −3,2, 0, −15, and −11, and the probability that the corresponding ADIP bitsrepresents the ADIP data 1 symbol is therefore −16. Accordingly, thepermutation pattern corresponding to ADIP synch symbol is “11110000”,and the probability that the corresponding ADIP bits represents the ADIPsynch symbol is therefore −8.

The maximum likelihood comparison module 2906 then compares theprobabilities corresponding to the permutation patterns to determine theADIP symbol. The maximum likelihood comparison module 2906 includesthree comparators 2922, 2924, and 2926 and three AND gates 2932, 2934,and 2936. The comparators 2922, 2924 and 2926 respectively compare twoof the three probabilities generated by the correlator array 2904 todetermine comparison results indicating the larger of the twoprobabilities. Each of the AND gates 2932, 2934, and 2936 then performsan AND operation on two of the comparison results to determine which ofthe permutation patterns has the largest probability, and thepermutation pattern with the largest probability determines the ADIPsymbol. For example, if the probabilities corresponding to the ADIP data0 symbol, the ADIP data 1 symbol, and the ADIP synch symbol in FIG. 6are respectively 32, −16, and −8, the largest probability of 32indicates that the ADIP symbol is an ADIP data 0 symbol.

FIG. 30 is a flowchart of a method 3000 for demodulating ADIP symbolsaccording to the invention. First, a wobble signal is generated at step3002. A reference wobble with the same frequency and phase as afundamental frequency and phase of a positive wobble cycle of the wobblesignal is then generated at step 3004. A phase difference between thewobble signal and the reference wobble is then measured at step 3006 toobtain a series of difference measurement values respectivelycorresponding to the ADIP bits. The difference measurement values arethen correlated with the signs derived from the probable permutationpatterns of the ADIP bits to obtain correlation values at step 3008, andthe correlation values corresponding to each permutation patterns arethen summed to determine the probabilities that the ADIP symbol conformsto each of the permutation pattern at step 3010. Finally, an ADIP symbolis determined according to the permutation pattern with the largestprobability at step 3012.

The method 3000 not only demodulates the ADIP symbols of optical diskswith the format of DVD+R or DVD+RW, but can further be applied todemodulate ADIP symbols of HD-DVD optical disks. According to the HD-DVDspecification, the ADIP symbol is made up of a single ADIP bit which maybe a Normal Phase Wobble (NPW) or an Invert Phase Wobble (IPW). Thus,the pattern matching module 2608 of the apparatus 2600 is substituted bya slicer to generate the ADIP symbol, because a single ADIP bit has onlytwo selective permutations of NPW or IPW, which can be determined byonly a slicer or a decision maker [no shown]. FIG. 31 shows theapparatus 3100 for demodulate ADIP symbols of HD-DVD disks according tothe invention. Except for the slicer 3108, all other three elements ofthe apparatus 3100 are substantially the same as the corresponding onesof the apparatus 2600.

Based on the principle of the apparatus 2600 for demodulating ADIPsymbols, an apparatus 3200 for demodulating pre-pit symbols is provided.FIG. 32 is a block diagram of the apparatus 3200 for demodulatingpre-pit symbols according to the invention. The apparatus 3200 includesa pre-pit bit collection module (not shown in FIG. 32), a hammingdistance generator array 3202, and a pattern decision module 3204. Awobble signal carrying pre-pit bits is first extracted from an opticaldisk. Because the pre-pit bits only appear at either an odd frame or aneven frame of the wobble signal, the pre-pit bit collection module thencollects the pre-pit bits appearing at both an odd frame and an evenframe to obtain a pre-bit bit set. Referring to FIG. 9, the threepre-pit bits have “111” permutation pattern for pre-pit synch symbol ineven frame, “110” permutation pattern for pre-pit synch symbol in oddframe, “101” permutation pattern for pre-pit data 1 symbol, or “100”permutation pattern for pre-pit data 0 symbol. Thus, if the pre-pit bitcollection module collects pre-pit bits in the order of an even framefollowed by an odd frame, there may be six type of permutation patternsof the pre-pit bits collected by the pre-pit bit collection module:“111000” for pre-pit synch symbol in even frame, “000110” for pre-pitsynch symbol in odd frame, “101000” for pre-pit data 1 symbol in evenframe, “000101” for pre-pit data 1 symbol in odd frame, “100000” forpre-pit data 0 symbol in even frame, and “000100” for pre-pit data 0symbol in odd frame.

The hamming distance generator array 3202 then measures a plurality ofhamming distances between the pre-pit bits of the pre-bit set and eachof the permutation patterns, “111000”, “000110”, “101000”, “000101”,“100000”, and “000100”. The hamming distance generator array 3202includes a plurality of hamming distance generators 3212, 3214, 3222,3224, 3232, and 3234, each of which measures a hamming distance betweenthe pre-pit bits of the pre-bit set and one of the permutation patterns.Because a hamming distance indicates the number of bits located at thesame location of two strings but having different values, the hammingdistance appropriately reflects the probability that the pre-pit bitsrepresent a pre-pit symbol, just like the sum of the correlation valuesgenerated by the correlator array 2912 in FIG. 29. The pattern decisionmodule 3204 then finds the permutation pattern having a minimum of thehamming distances to determine the pre-pit symbol represented by thepre-pit bits. Thus, the pre-pit symbol is determined.

The invention provides methods for demodulating ADIP symbols and pre-pitsymbols carried by a wobble signal. The ADIP symbols record addressinginformation for optical disks with the format of DVD+R or DVD+RW, andthe pre-pit symbols record addressing information for optical disks withthe format of DVD-R or DVD-RW. Because the probabilities that the ADIPbits or the pre-pit bits agree with the specific permutations ofprobable ADIP symbols or pre-pit symbols are appropriately measured withsums of correlation values or hamming distances to determine the outputADIP symbols or pre-pit symbols, the noise tolerance of the methodsprovided by the invention is much higher than that of conventionalmethods, and the performance and precision of the demodulation of ADIPsymbols and pre-pit symbols are greatly improved.

Please refer to FIGS. 33 a and 33 b. FIGS. 33 a and 33 b respectivelyshow the exemplary synthesized signals S_(AD) and S_(BC) retrieved fromblank sectors and non-blank sectors. As disclosed above, a pick-up headdetects four reflection signals S_(A), S_(B), S_(C), and S_(D) reflectedfrom an optical disk, wherein signals S_(A), S_(D) and signals S_(B),S_(C) are respectively representing light intensity reflected from theopposite sides of a track. The reflection signals S_(A) and S_(D) arethen added to obtain a signal S_(AD) and the reflection signals S_(B)and S_(C) are then added to obtain a signal S_(BC). The left segment ofFIGS. 33 a and 33 b represents intensity of reflected light fromcorresponding blank sectors, and the right segment of FIGS. 33 a and 33b represents intensity of reflected light from corresponding non-blanksectors.

Please refer to FIG. 33 c, FIG. 33 d and FIG. 34. FIG. 33 c shows awobble peak signal drives by a peak detection unit of FIG. 34. FIG. 33 dshows a blank detection signal. FIG. 34 is an exemplary block diagram ofan apparatus 3400 for detecting the blank sector on an optical diskusing the wobble signals. Apparatus 3400 includes a push-pull processor3402, similar to push-pull processor 1302 in FIG. 13, for generating thewobble signal B1, a low pass filter 3404 for filtering high frequencynoises to generate a filtered wobble signal B2, and a blank detectionmodule 3406 receiving the filtered wobble signal B2 for generating ablank detection signal to determining the corresponding blank sectors ofthe optical disk. The blank detection module 3406 further includes apeak detection unit 3408 for detecting envelop of the filtered wobblesignal B2 to generate wobble peak signal B3, as shown in FIG. 33 c. Inaddition, a comparator 3410 compares the filtered wobble signal B2 witha threshold value to generate the blank signal B4, as Shown in FIG. 33d. The comparator 3410 can be a slicer or a decision maker, thus theblank detection apparatus determines the corresponding blank sectors ofthe optical disk in accordance with the wobble signals.

Because the wobble signal B1 is generated by subtracting the signalS_(BC) from signal S_(AD), the problem of diverse amplitude levels of RFsignal between various disks is solved. Therefore, the unick thresholdvalue of the comparator can utilized for various disks.

FIG. 35 is a flow chart of the blank detection method. In step 3502, apush-pull processor generates a wobble signal of the optical disk. Thehigh frequency noises of the wobble signal are filtered to generate afiltered wobble signal in step 3504. Then, in step 3506, a peakdetection unit detect envelop of the filtered wobble signal to generatewobble peak signal. Finally, in step 3508, a comparator compares thewobble peak signal with a threshold value to generate the blank signal.The blank signal determines the corresponding blank sectors of theoptical disk.

While the invention has been described by way of example and in terms ofpreferred embodiment, it is to be understood that the invention is notlimited thereto. To the contrary, it is intended to cover variousmodifications and similar arrangements (as would be apparent to thoseskilled in the art). Therefore, the scope of the appended claims shouldbe accorded the broadest interpretation so as to encompass all suchmodifications and similar arrangements.

1. An apparatus for demodulating an Address In Pre-groove (ADIP) symbol,wherein the ADIP symbol is carried by a wobble signal of an optical diskand comprises a series of ADIP bits permuted according to one of aplurality of permutation patterns to make up the ADIP symbol, theapparatus comprising: a wobble extraction module, extracting the wobblesignal from the optical disk; a reference wobble generator, generating areference wobble with the same frequency and phase as a fundamentalfrequency and phase of a positive wobble cycle of the wobble signal; awaveform difference measurement module, coupled to the wobble extractionmodule and the reference wobble generator, measuring a differencebetween the wobble signal and the reference wobble to obtain a series ofdifference measurement values respectively corresponding to the ADIPbits; and a pattern matching module, coupled to the waveform differencemeasurement module, comparing probabilities of the permutation of theADIP bits agreeing with each of the permutation patterns according tothe difference measurement values to determine the ADIP symbol.
 2. Theapparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the waveform differencemeasurement module comprises: an phase comparator, coupled to the wobbleextraction module and the reference wobble generator, comparing thephases of the wobble signal and the reference wobble to obtain a phasedifference signal; and a counter, coupled to the phase comparator,counting a high level width of the phase difference signal during eachwobble cycle of the reference wobble to generate the differencemeasurement values corresponding to the ADIP bits.
 3. The apparatus asclaimed in claim 2, wherein the counter counts the high level widthaccording to a clock signal having a frequency higher than that of thereference wobble.
 4. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein thepattern matching module includes: a collector, coupled to the waveformdifference measurement module, collecting the difference measurementvalues making up the ADIP symbol; a correlator array, coupled to thecollector, correlating the difference measurement values with signsderived from the permutation patterns to obtain correlation values andrespectively summing the correlation values corresponding to eachpermutation patterns to obtain the probabilities that the ADIP symbolconforms to each of the permutation patterns; and a maximum likelihoodcomparison module, coupled to the correlator array, comparing theprobabilities corresponding to the permutation patterns to determine theADIP symbol.
 5. The apparatus as claimed in claim 4, wherein thecorrelator array includes a plurality of correlators respectivelygenerating the probabilities corresponding to the permutation patterns,and the maximum likelihood comparison module includes: a plurality ofcomparators, respectively coupled to two of the correlators, determininga plurality of comparison results indicating the larger of two of theprobabilities; and a plurality of AND gates, respectively coupled to twoof the comparators, performing an AND operation on two of the comparisonresults to determine with which of the permutation patterns the ADIPsymbol agrees.
 6. The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein thereference wobble generator is a phase lock loop repeating a positivewobble cycle of the wobble signal to generate the reference wobble. 7.The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the wobble extractionmodule is a push-pull processor subtracting a first reflection intensityreflected by one side of a track from a second reflection intensityreflected by the other side of the track to obtain the wobble signal. 8.The apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the format of the opticaldisk is HD-DVD according to which the ADIP symbol is made up of only oneADIP bit and there are only two permutation patterns including NormalPhase Wobble (NPW) and Invert Phase Wobble (IPW), and the patternmatching module is a slicer determining the ADIP symbol according toonly one difference measurement value.
 9. The apparatus as claimed inclaim 1, wherein the format of the optical disk is DVD+R or DVD+RWaccording to which the ADIP symbol is made up of eight ADIP bits andthere are three permutation patterns including SYNCH, data 0 and data 1.10. A method for demodulating an Address In Pre-groove (ADIP) symbol,wherein the ADIP symbol is carried by a wobble signal of an optical diskand comprises a series of ADIP bits permuted according to one of aplurality of permutation patterns to make up the ADIP symbol, the methodcomprising: extracting the wobble signal from the optical disk;generating a reference wobble with the same frequency and phase as afundamental frequency and phase of a positive wobble cycle of the wobblesignal; measuring a difference between the wobble signal and thereference wobble to obtain a series of difference measurement valuesrespectively corresponding to the ADIP bits; and comparing probabilitiesof the permutation of the ADIP bits agreeing with each of thepermutation patterns according to the difference measurement values todetermine the ADIP symbol.
 11. The method as claimed in claim 10,wherein the measurement of the difference includes: performing an XORoperation on the wobble signal and the reference wobble to obtain aphase difference signal; and counting a high level width of the phasedifference signal during each wobble cycle of the reference wobble togenerate the difference measurement values corresponding to the ADIPbits.
 12. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein the comparison ofthe probabilities includes: collecting the difference measurement valuesmaking up the ADIP symbol; correlating the difference measurement valueswith signs derived from the permutation patterns to obtain correlationvalues and respectively summing the correlation values corresponding toeach permutation pattern to obtain the probabilities that the ADIPsymbol conforms to each of the permutation patterns; and comparing theprobabilities corresponding to the permutation patterns to determine theADIP symbol.
 13. The method as claimed in claim 12, wherein thecomparison of the probabilities further includes: determining aplurality of comparison results indicating the larger of two of theprobabilities; and performing an AND operation on two of the comparisonresults to determine with which of the permutation patterns the ADIPsymbol agrees.
 14. The method as claimed in claim 10, wherein theextraction of the wobble signal includes subtracting a first reflectionintensity reflected by one side of a track from a second reflectionintensity reflected by the other side of the track.
 15. The method asclaimed in claim 10, wherein the format of the optical disk is DVD+R orDVD+RW according to which the ADIP symbol is made up of eight ADIP bitsand there are three permutation patterns including SYNCH, data 0 anddata
 1. 16. An apparatus for decoding a pre-pit symbol, wherein thepre-pit symbol is carried by a wobble signal of an optical disk andcomprises a series of pre-pit bits permuted according to one of aplurality of permutation patterns to make up the pre-pit symbol, theapparatus comprising: a pre-pit bit collection module, collecting thepre-pit bits appearing at both an odd frame and an even frame of thewobble signal to obtain a pre-bit bit set, wherein the pre-pit bits ofthe pre-pit symbol only appear at either the odd or even frame; ahamming distance generator array, coupled to the pre-pit bit collectionmodule, measuring a plurality of hamming distances between the pre-pitbits of the pre-bit set and each of the permutation patterns; a patterndecision module, coupled to the hamming distance generator array,finding the permutation pattern having a minimum of the hammingdistances to determine the pre-pit symbol.
 17. The apparatus as claimedin claim 16, wherein the hamming distance generator array includes aplurality of hamming distance generators, each of which measures ahamming distances between the pre-pit bits of the pre-bit set and one ofthe permutation patterns.
 18. The apparatus as claimed in claim 17,wherein the hamming distance generators respectively measure a hammingdistance between the pre-pit bits of the pre-bit sets and a permutationpattern selected from “111000”, “000110”, “101000”, “000101”, “110000”,and “000110”, which respectively indicates the permutation patterns of aSYNCH symbol appearing at the odd frame, a SYNCH symbol appearing at theeven frame, a data 1 symbol appearing at the odd frame, a data 0 symbolappearing at the odd frame, a data 0 symbol appearing at the odd frame,and a data 0 symbol appearing at the even frame.
 19. The apparatus asclaimed in claim 16, wherein the permutation patterns include a SYNCHsymbol appearing at the odd frame, a SYNCH symbol appearing at the evenframe, a data 1 symbol, and a data 0 symbol.
 20. The apparatus asclaimed in claim 16, wherein the format of the optical disk is DVD-R orDVD-RW.